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+===== In the Spring of 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Science Foundation tasked a committee to explore opportunities and methods of using expanded internet bandwidth to promote remote participation in scientific cruises. =====
 {{ :public:ship_presence_a_collaborative_journey.pdf |}}
+The Academic Research Fleet (ARF) consists of numerous vessels which are important mobile
+platforms for studying world oceans, they offer a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the
+study of Oceanography and all its disciplines. A successful scientific cruise is dependent on a
+number of people including scientists, crew, technicians, graduate students, and outreach
+personnel. As the ability to collect more and more data increases, the number of cruise
+participants that can sail is diminishing. Near real-time data (NRT), real-time Access (RTA), and
+traditional telepresence offer shore participants the opportunity to remain involved and
+collaborate with science at sea.
+Near real-time data (NRT), is data collected on the ship either by the ship’s underway systems
+or science installed equipment. It is collected and then synced to shore within minutes of
+collection. Running a basic quality check and/or processing of NRT data can provide
+state-of-health information to ensure optimal operation and help predict sampling opportunities.
+Having NRT available on shore for shore participation and involvement can help mitigate issues
+when sailing with a smaller science party. There are numerous mechanisms for transferring
+NRT data to shore some of which will be discussed later in this document.
+Real-time access (RTA) to data is a bit more difficult to attain and in most cases requires some
+dedicated bandwidth. Shore participants can access real-time data via screen sharing of the
+acquisition computer, by accessing the data on the vessel and processing or quality assessing
+it, or streaming video to shore for metadata/annotation. Real-time collaboration can occur using
+VOIP phones installed prior to the cruise to discuss sampling and potential data issues.
+Technical expertise can be accessed via phone, WhatsApp, or other messaging tools. Students
+can actively participate by processing video from the deep while on shore using a lower
+resolution video stream.
+Telepresence refers to a suite of communication technologies and methodologies that provide a
+means for individuals or groups to participate in ocean science research cruises from remote
+locations. The implementation of telepresence allows for shore-based users to participate at sea
+without being physically present on the ship. Typically this is done through the use of cameras,
+video, and voice. The ability to share data, collaborate with experts in the field, and interact in real-time can lead to a successful scientific cruise.